Instrumentos de avaliação multidimensional aplicados ao cuidado de enfermagemda pessoa idosa hospitalizada / Multidimensional assessment instruments applied to nursing care for hospitalized elderly people

Objetivo: descrever os aspectos da avaliação multidimensional no cuidado de enfermagem para a pessoa idosa hospitalizada. Método: revisão integrativa, desenvolvida em seis etapas. Resultados: 55 artigos compuseram o corpus de análise, todos em inglês; sendo predominante: publicações na revista Biomedcentral Geriatrics (n=11); pesquisas realizadas em hospital (n=35); método quantitativo (n=31). Emergiram três conceitos de avaliação multidimensional (n=14): Avaliação Geriátrica, Avaliação Geriátrica Abrangente e Avaliação Multidimensional; e diversas escalas alinhadas a cuidados de enfermagem, destacando-se: avaliação da independência funcional (n=31); avaliação cognitiva (n=22); avaliação nutricional (n=16); fragilidade (n=13); aspectos psicossociais (n=11); comorbidade (n=8); delirium (n=6); riscos (n=3); medicamentos (n=2); anestesiologia (n=2); dor (n=2); lesão por pressão (n=2) e temáticas especificas. Conclusão: a avaliação multidimensional da pessoa idosa é estratégia para qualificação do cuidado e integralidade da assistência, podendo utilizar diversas escalas como ferramentas de avaliação clínica.(AU)

Objective: to describe the aspects of multidimensional assessment in nursing care for hospitalized elderly people. Method: integrative review, developed in six stages. Results: 55 articles made up the corpus of analysis, all in English; predominantly: publications in the journal Biomedcentral Geriatrics (n=11); research carried out in hospital (n=35); quantitative method (n=31). Three concepts of multidimensional assessment emerged (n=14): Geriatric Assessment, Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Multidimensional Assessment; and several scales aligned with nursing care, highlighting: assessment of functional independence (n=31); cognitive assessment (n=22); nutritional assessment (n=16); frailty (n=13); psychosocial aspects (n=11); comorbidity (n=8); delirium (n=6); risks (n=3); medications (n=2); anesthesiology (n=2); pain (n=2); pressure injury (n=2) and specific themes. Conclusion: Multidimensional assessment of the elderly is a strategy for improving care and providing comprehensive assistance, and various scales can be used as clinical assessment tools.(AU)

Objetivo: describir los aspectos de la evaluación multidimensional en los cuidados de enfermería a ancianos hospitalizados. Método: revisión integradora, desarrollada en seis etapas. Resultados: 55 artículos constituyeron el corpus de análisis, todos en inglés; predominaron: publicaciones en la revista Biomedcentral Geriatrics (n=11); investigación realizada en hospital (n=35); método cuantitativo (n=31). Surgieron tres conceptos de evaluación multidimensional (n=14): Valoración Geriátrica, Valoración Geriátrica Integral y Valoración Multidimensional; y varias escalas alineadas con los cuidados de enfermería, destacando: valoración de la independencia funcional (n=31); valoración cognitiva (n=22); valoración nutricional (n=16); fragilidad (n=13); aspectos psicosociales (n=11); comorbilidad (n=8); delirium (n=6); riesgos (n=3); medicación (n=2); anestesiología (n=2); dolor (n=2); lesiones por presión (n=2) y temas específicos. Conclusión: La evaluación multidimensional del anciano es una estrategia para cualificar los cuidados y proporcionar una asistencia integral, y varias escalas pueden utilizarse como instrumentos de evaluación clínica.(AU)

Evaluación geriátrica integral en pacientes con fractura de cadera

Introducción. Las fracturas de cadera son un conjunto de patologías frecuentes en los adultos mayores frágiles, con impacto negativo sobre la funcionalidad. Objetivo. Determinar las características clínicas, funcionales, mentales y sociales basados en la evaluación geriátrica integral. Métodos. Se evaluó a 445 pacientes, la comorbilidad se midió con el índice de Charlson, el estado funcional basal con el índice de Barthel y la escala de Lawton y Brody, el estado mental con el cuestionario de Pfeiffer, el delirio mediante el Confusion Assessment Method y la evaluación social con la Escala Sociofamiliar de Gijón. Las variables categóricas se presentaron como valor absoluto y porcentaje, y las continuas como media y desviación estándar. Resultados. El sexo femenino representó el 71,5%, el promedio de edad en mujeres fue de 81,58 años y en varones de 82,58 años. El deterioro visual fue 48,8% y el auditivo fue 46,1%. El 46,0% tuvieron más de una comorbilidad. 30,3% era independiente para actividades básicas, así como 90,3% de mujeres y 64,3% de hombres fueron dependientes para actividades instrumentales. El deterioro cognitivo estuvo presente en el 53,5% de los pacientes y delirio el 20,4%. En la segunda semana fueron operados 30,5% y en la tercera 21,6%. La mortalidad fue de 2,7% durante la hospitalización. Conclusión. Las características más frecuentes fueron de una octogenaria, con deterioro visual/auditivo, sin comorbilidad, pero pluripatológica, con dependencia leve para actividades básicas de vida diaria y deterioro cognitivo en entorno social de riesgo.

Introduction. Hip fractures are a group of frequent pathologies in frail older adults, with a negative impact on functionality. Objective. To determine the clinical, functional, mental, and social characteristics based on the comprehensive geriatric assessment. Methods. 445 patients were evaluated, comorbidity was measured with the Charlson index, baseline functional state with the Barthel index and the Lawton and Brody scale, mental state with the Pfeiffer questionnaire, delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method and social assessment with the Gijón Socio-Family Scale. Categorical variables were presented as absolute value and percentage and continuous variables as mean and standard deviation. Results. The female sex represented 71.5%, the average age in women was 81.58 years and in men 82.58 years. Visual impairment was 48.8% and hearing impairment 46.1%. 46% had more than one comorbidity. 30.3% were independent for basic activities, as well as 90.3% of women and 64.3% of men were dependent for instrumental activities. Cognitive impairment was present in 53.5% and delirium developed in 20.4%. In the second week, 30.5% were operated and in the third, 21.6%. Mortality was 2.7% during hospitalization. Conclusion. the most frequent characteristics were of an octogenarian, with visual / auditory deterioration, without comorbidity, but multipathological, with slight dependence for basic activities of daily living and cognitive deterioration in a risky social environment.

Associação entre declínio cognitivo, sintomas depressivos e do medo de cair com a velocidade da marcha confortável em idosos comunitários / Association between cognitive decline, depressive symptoms and the fear of falling with the speed gait in community-dwelling older adults

Diminuições na velocidade da marcha (VM) estão associadas a desfechos adversos na saúde física e mental em idosos. Assim, torna-se relevante identificar fatores que podem associar-se com a VM confortável em idosos, de forma a propor estratégias para prevenção de alterações na mobilidade. Objetivo: verificar a associação entre declínio cognitivo, sintomas depressivos e do medo de cair com a VM confortável em idosos comunitários. Métodos: tratou-se de um estudo transversal, com amostra probabilística, incluindo 308 idosos comunitários. O desfecho do estudo foi a VM confortável, sendo considerado como baixo desempenho VM < 0,8m/s. As variáveis preditoras foram 1) declínio cognitivo avaliado pelo Mini Exame do Estado Mental, 2) sintomas depressivos avaliados com a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica Abreviada e 3) medo de cair avaliado pela Falls Efficacy Scale ­ Brasil. Para analisar a associação entre as variáveis foi utilizada a Regressão Logística Multivariada. Resultados: idosos tiveram chances significativamente maiores de apresentar baixo desempenho na VM confortável quando apresentaram declínio cognitivo (OR: 4,67; IC95%: 1,68; 12,94), sintomas depressivos (OR: 2,90; IC95%: 1,42; 5,92) e medo de cair (OR: 4,08; IC95%: 1,72; 9,71) quando comparados aos que não tiveram essas condições. Conclusão: o declínio cognitivo, sintomas depressivos e medo de cair foram associados ao baixo desempenho na VM confortável nos idosos amostrados. Esses achados podem servir para identificação precoce dos fatores que estão associados a alterações na VM confortável, contribuindo para a proposição de estratégias públicas em saúde e no direcionamento de atividades de promoção em saúde para idosos comunitários.(AU)

Decreases in gait speed (GS) are associated with adverse outcomes in the physical and mental health of the elderly. Thus, it is relevant to identify factors that can be associated with comfortable GS in community-dwelling older adults, to propose strategies to prevent changes in mobility. Objective: To verify the association between cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, and fear of falling with comfortable GS in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample, including 308 community-dwelling older adults. The study outcome was comfortable GS, being considered as low-performance MV < 0.8m/s. Predictive variables were 1) cognitive decline assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination, 2) depressive symptoms assessed by the Abbreviated Geriatric Depression Scale, and 3) fear of falling assessed by the Falls Efficacy Scale - Brasil. Multivariate Logistic Regression was used to verify the association between the variables. Results: Community-dwelling older adults were significantly more likely to have poor performance in comfortable GS when they presented cognitive decline (OR: 4.67; 95%CI: 1.68; 12.94), depressive symptoms (OR: 2.90; 95%CI: 1 .42; 5.92), and fear of falling (OR: 4.08; 95%CI: 1.72; 9.71) when compared to those who did not have these conditions. Conclusion: Cognitive decline, depressive symptoms, and fear of falling were associated with poor performance in comfortable GS in the community-dwelling older adults sampled. These findings can serve for early identification of factors that are associated with changes in comfortable GS, contributing to the proposition of public health strategies and in directing health promotion activities for community-dwelling older adults.(AU)

Efectividad de la valoración geriátrica integral

La valoración geriátrica integral se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental para la atención de los adultos mayores institucionalizados puesto que ayuda a identificar factores de riesgo que influyen en la detección precoz del anciano crítico. Objetivo: es caracterizar la efectividad pronostica/diagnostica de una valoración geriátrica integral frente una valoración geriátrica habitual y su influencia en la morbimortalidad, en los adultos mayores institucionalizados del Centro Integral de Atención al Adulto Mayor de Caramarca, Sipe Sipe de la provincia de Quillacollo, entre las gestiones 2016 a la 2019. Material y métodos: es un estudio observacional de tipo analítico, subtipo cohorte histórico, longitudinal prospectivo. Los sujetos en estudio fueron los AM institucionalizados que ingresaron en la gestión 2016 o antes a la 2019, se dividió en dos subgrupos uno intervenido de 47 participantes y otro no intervenido de 17 participantes. Resultados: la esfera patológica (Escalas Tinetti, Lovett/Kendall) se redujo de 55 a 98 % identificando ancianos críticos, la esfera nutricional (Test MNA) redujo hasta un 68 % de malnutridos y desnutridos; la esfera funcional (Escala de Barthel, escala de Katz) identificaron de 85 a 96 % estados críticos de dependencia. El empleo del PCDF, redujo en un 66 % identificando ancianos con discapacidad motora grave. La esfera mental (Cuestionario de Pfeiffer y escala de Yesavage) identificaron de 75 a 84 % de deterioros cognitivos severos. Conclusiones: la valoración geriátrica integral, demostró que redujo la morbi mortalidad de los AM institucionalizados del Centro Integral de Atención al Adulto Mayor de Caramarca.

Comprehensive geriatric assessment has become a fundamental tool for the care of institutionalized older adults since it helps to identify risk factors that influence the early detection of the critically ill elderly. Objective: to characterize the prognostic/diagnostic effectiveness of a comprehensive geriatric assessment versus a regular geriatric assessment and its influence on morbimortality in institutionalized older adults at the Centro Integral de Atención al Adulto Mayor de Caramarca, Sipe Sipe in the province of Quillacollo, from 2016 to 2019. Material and methods: it is an observational study of analytical type, historical cohort subtype, prospective longitudinal. The subjects under study were institutionalized MAs who entered in 2016 or before 2019, divided into two subgroups, one intervened of 47 participants and the other non-intervened of 17 participants. Results: the pathological sphere (Tinetti, Lovett/Kendall scales) reduced from 55 to 98 % identifying critical elderly, the nutritional sphere (MNA test) reduced up to 68 % of malnourished and undernourished; the functional sphere (Barthel scale, Katz scale) identified from 85 to 96 % critical states of dependency. The use of the PCDF reduced by 66% the number of elderly with severe motor disabilities. The mental sphere (Pfeiffer Questionnaire and Yesavage scale) identified 75 to 84 % of severe cognitive impairment. Conclusions: the integral geriatric assessment, showed that it reduced the morbi-mortality of institutionalized MA of the Centro Integral de Atención al Adulto Mayor de Caramarca.

Brief Lower Body Functional Performance Questionnaire (Brief-LBFPQ) for independent older adults / Breve Questionário de Desempenho Funcional dos Membros Inferiores (Brief-LBFPQ) para idosos independentes

Abstract Introduction The literature still lacks evidence about patient-reported outcome measures to fast screen the reduced physical performance of the lower body in older adults to be applied in any clinical setting as primary health care or without specific instruments in prevention campaigns, or even easy to be applied by phone. Objective: To develop a brief questionnaire to screen the lower body functional performance in community-dwelling older adults and to validate this new questionnaire with objective clinical tests. Methods A convenience sampling of 221 community-dwelling older adults was included in this cross-sectional study. The validity between Brief-LBFPQ and objective tests such as gait speed, Timed-Up and Go test (TUG), 5-Time Stand-to-Sit test (5TSST), and step test were assessed by multinominal logistic regression. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach's alpha and Test-retest reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for numeral scale and Cohen's Kappa for ordinal scale. Results Brief-LBFPQ was significantly associated with objective tests. All eight items from Brief-LBFPQ presented an absolute agreement with ICCs values above 0.7. Kappa values of Brief-LBFPQ items ranged from 0.6 to 0.83, showing substantial agreement and perfect agreement. Conclusion Brief-LBFPQ could be very useful in general clinic settings as it provides earlier screening of functional impairment in independent older adults, and consequently may allow an earlier intervention approach.

Resumo Introdução A literatura ainda carece de evidências acerca de instrumentos de autorrelato para o rastreio rápido do prejuízo no desempenho físico dos membros inferiores em idosos, que possam ser aplicados em qualquer ambiente clínico, como na Atenção Básica à Saúde, e que não requeiram nenhum ins-trumento específico para campanhas de prevenção, ou mesmo de fácil aplicação por contato telefônico. Objetivo Desenvolver um breve questionário para triagem do desempenho funcional dos membros inferiores em idosos da comunidade e validar este novo questionário com testes clínicos objetivos. Métodos Uma amostra de conveniência de 221 idosos da comunidade foi incluída neste estudo transversal. A validade entre o Brief-LBFPQ e os testes objetivos como velocidade da marcha, Timed-Up and Go (TUG), teste de levantar e sentar 5 vezes (TLS5x) e teste do degrau foi avaliada pela regressão logística multinominal. A consistência interna foi determinada pelo alfa de Cronbach e a confiabilidade teste-reteste foi determinada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) para a escala numérica e o Kappa de Cohen para a escala ordinal. Resultados O Brief-LBFPQ foi significativamente associado aos testes objetivos. Todos os oito itens do Brief-LBFPQ apresentaram concordância absoluta com valores de CCI acima de 0,7. Os valores de Kappa dos itens do Brief-LBFPQ variaram de 0,6 a 0,83, mostrando concordância substancial e concordância perfeita. Conclusão O Brief-LBFPQ pode ser muito útil em diferentes ambientes clínicos, pois permite uma triagem precoce do comprometimento funcional em idosos independentes e, consequentemente, pode permitir uma abordagem de intervenção mais precoce.

Can the timed up and go test be used as a predictor of muscle strength in older adults? / ¿Se puede utilizar la prueba de levantarse y andar como predictora de la fuerza muscular en personas mayores? / O timed up and go test pode ser utilizado como preditor da força muscular em idosos?

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the timed up and go test (TUG) as a tool to evaluate muscle strength in community-dwelling older people. As a methodology, an observational, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted. Data from 442 older people were analyzed, both women (71.7%) and men (28.3%). Ages ranged from 62- 104 years, with a mean of 80.85 (±8.047) years. TUG was used as a tool to evaluate muscle strength. Comparison and correlation analyses were performed to compare performance between the TUG and the chair stand test (CST) and between TUG and handgrip strength (HGS). Analysis of agreement between the diagnosis of low physical performance on TUG and the diagnosis of muscle weakness on CST and HGS was also performed. The predictive values were estimated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The analyses showed a moderate direct proportional correlation between TUG and CST performance and low inversely proportional correlations between TUG and HGS performance and between CST and HGS (p<0.001). In the accuracy analyses, it was observed that TUG test could predict muscle strength in CST (S 34.4%; PPV 91.5%; NPV 26.1%; AUC=0.779; 95%CI 0.724-0.835; p<0.001) and handgrip dynamometry (S 44.2%; PPV 77.4%; NPV 67.2%; AUC=0.652; 95%CI 0.599-0.705; p<0.001). The Timed Up and Go test was able to satisfactorily indicate individuals with normal muscle strength in CST.

RESUMEN Este estudio analizó el uso de la prueba de levantarse y andar (TUG) como una herramienta para evaluar la fuerza muscular en adultos mayores residentes en la comunidad. Como metodología, se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal y analítico. Se analizaron datos de 442 ancianos, del sexo femeninol(71,7%) y masculino (28,3%), de edad de entre 62 y 104 años, y edad media de 80,85 (±8,047) años. El instrumento TUG se utilizó para evaluar la fuerza muscular. Se realizaron análisis de comparación y correlación entre el rendimiento en TUG y en la prueba de sentarse y levantarse (SL), y entre TUG y la fuerza de agarre. También se realizaron análisis de concordancia entre el diagnóstico de bajo rendimiento físico en TUG y el diagnóstico de debilidad muscular en SL y fuerza de agarre. Los valores predictivos se trazaron utilizando la curva receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Hubo una correlación directamente proporcional moderada entre el rendimiento de TUG y de SL, y se encontraron correlaciones inversamente proporcionales bajas entre el rendimiento de TUG y la fuerza de agarre, así como entre SL y la fuerza de agarre (p<0,001). En los análisis de precisión se observó que TUG fue capaz de predecir la fuerza muscular en SL (S 34,4%; VPP 91,5%; VPN 26,1%; AUC=0,779; IC 95% 0,724-0,835; p<0,001) y en la dinamometría de agarre (S 44,2%; VPP 77,4%; VPN 67,2%; AUC=0,652; IC 95% 0,599-0,705; p<0,001). Se concluye que TUG fue capaz de indicar satisfactoriamente a los individuos con fuerza muscular normal en SL.

RESUMO Este estudo analisou o uso do timed up and go test (TUG) como ferramenta de avaliação da força muscular em idosos da comunidade. Como metodologia, foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico. Foram analisados dados de 442 idosos, do sexo feminino (71,7%) e do masculino (28,3%), com idades entre 62 e 104 anos, e média de 80,85 (±8,047) anos. O TUG foi utilizado como instrumento de avaliação da força muscular. Foram realizadas análises de comparação e correlação entre o desempenho no TUG e no teste de sentar e levantar (TSL), e entre o TUG e a força de preensão manual. Também foram realizadas análises de concordância entre diagnóstico de baixo desempenho físico no TUG e diagnóstico de fraqueza muscular no TSL e na força de preensão manual. Os valores preditivos foram traçados por meio da curva receiver operating characteristic (ROC). As análises mostraram correlação diretamente proporcional moderada entre o desempenho no TUG e no TSL e correlações inversamente proporcionais baixas entre o desempenho no TUG e a força de preensão manual e entre o TSL e a força de preensão manual (p<0,001). Nas análises de acurácia, observou-se que o TUG apresentou capacidade de prever a força muscular no TSL (S 34,4%; VPP 91,5%; VPN 26,1%; AUC=0,779; 95% IC 0,724-0,835; p<0,001) e na dinamometria de preensão palmar (S 44,2%; VPP 77,4%; VPN 67,2%; AUC=0,652; 95% IC 0,599-0,705; p<0,001). Conclui-se que o TUG apresentou capacidade de indicar de forma satisfatória os indivíduos com força muscular normal no TSL.

Estado nutricional avaliado pela mini avaliação nutricional como fator prognóstico de mortalidade em pacientes idosos com câncer / Nutritional status assessed by the mini nutritional assessment as a prognostic factor for mortality in elderly patients with cancer

Introdução: A desnutrição em pacientes idosos com câncer pode aumentar a mortalidade, o tempo de internação hospitalar, piorar a qualidade de vida, bem como reduzir tolerância à terapia oncológica e aumento da toxicidade relacionada à terapia. A ferramenta mini avaliação nutricional (MAN) é prática e não invasiva, permitindo avaliação rápida do estado nutricional de idosos. Na versão reduzida da MAN (MAN-VR), quando há ausência do índice de massa corporal (IMC), utiliza-se a circunferência da panturrilha (CP < 31 cm). No Brasil, a circunferência da panturrilha (CPBR) possui ponto de corte para homens (CPBR ≤ 34 cm) e para mulheres (CPBR e ≤33 cm). Objetivo: Avaliar a MAN-VR como preditora de risco de morte em idosos com câncer. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico, descritivo e prospectivo, em que foram incluídos todos os pacientes idosos do sexo feminino ou masculino, com 60 anos ou mais, portadores de tumores malignos, independentemente de localização ou estadiamento da doença, internados nas instituições brasileiras e portuguesas durante o período de setembro a dezembro de 2014. Resultados: Foram avaliados 2677 pacientes idosos com câncer, sendo 56,4% do sexo masculino. A média da idade foi de 73 ± 6,7 anos. Os pacientes apresentaram como principais localizações do tumor o aparelho digestório, próstata e pele (56,9%) e 9% foram ao óbito durante o tempo de internação e acompanhamento do estudo. Foram testados quatro modelos de MAN-VR para predizer mortalidade na população idosa com câncer. As áreas dos modelos sobre a curva ROC variaram de 0,79 a 0,80, sendo que a referência foi o modelo original (MAN-VRIMC/CP). A análise estatística mostrou curvas semelhantes, mas com diferença significativa para o modelo MAN-VRIMC/CPBR (classificação da MAN-VR, em que se utilizou a pontuação do IMC ou da CPBR). No modelo ajustado, houve maior chance de óbito entre os pacientes idosos com "perda de apetite grave", "mobilidade reduzida" (sendo maior naquele "restrito ao leito") e com "problemas neuropsicológicos". Ao considerar o escore da MAN-VR, pacientes com escore inferior a 8 em sua versão original (MAN-VRIMC/CP) ou com o uso MAN-VRIMC/CPBR, apresentaram maior risco de morte. Mostrou, também, que a MAN-VR pode ser usada para identificar risco de mortalidade com o escore menor que 6, sem considerar a pontuação para antropometria (IMC ou CP). Conclusão: O modelo MAN-VRIMC/CPBR proposto se mostrou como melhor preditor para mortalidade em idosos com câncer. A MAN-VR foi capaz de predizer risco de óbito, mesmo não mensurando IMC ou CP, enquanto a adição de antropometria não melhorou o reconhecimento de desnutrição ou risco de mortalidade em pacientes idosos com câncer.

Introduction: Malnutrition in older patients can increase mortality, length of hospital stay, worsen quality of life, as well as reduce tolerance to oncologic therapy and increase therapyrelated toxicity. The mini nutritional assessment (MNA) tool is practical and non-invasive, allowing a quick assessment of the nutritional status of the older patients. The mini nutritional assessment (MNA) tool is practical and non-invasive, allowing a quick assessment of the nutritional status of the elderly. In the short form of the MNA (MNA-SF), when there is no body mass index (BMI), calf compression is used (CC < 31 cm). In Brazil, the calf circumference (CCBR) has a cutoff point for men (CCBR ≤ 34 cm) and for women (CCBR e ≤33 cm). Objective: To evaluate MNA-SF as a predictor of risk of death in older patients with cancer. Methods: This is a multicenter, descriptive, and prospective study, which included all older female or male patients, aged 60 years or older, with malignant tumors, regardless of location or stage of the disease, hospitalized in Brazilian/Portuguese institutions from September to December 2014. Results: We evaluated 2677 older patients with cancer, 56.4% of whom were male. The mean age was 73 ± 6.7 years. The patients had the digestive system, prostate and skin as the main tumor locations (56.9%) and 9% died during the period of hospitalization and follow-up of the study. Four MNA-SF models were tested to predict mortality in the older patients with cancer. The areas of the models on the ROC analyzes ranged from 0.79 to 0.80, with the reference being the original model (MNA-SFBMI/CC). Statistical analysis showed similar curves, but with a significant difference for the MNA-SFIMC/CCBR model (MNA-SF classification, where BMI or CCBR scores were used). In the adjusted model, there was a greater chance of death among older patients with "severe loss of appetite", "reduced mobility" (being greater in those "restricted to bed") and with "neuropsychological problems". When considering the MNA-SF scores, patients with a score lower than eight in its original version (MNA-SFBMI/CC) or using MNA-SFBMI/CCBR, had a higher risk of death. It also showed that the MNA-SF could be used to identify risk of mortality with a score lower than six, without considering the score for anthropometry (BMI or CC). Conclusion: The proposed MNA-SFBMI/CCBR model proved to be the best predictor of mortality in older patients with cancer. The MNA-SF was able to predict risk of death, even without measuring BMI or CC, while the addition of anthropometry did not improve the recognition of malnutrition or mortality risk in older patients with cancer.

Evaluación del equilibrio y la marcha como factor de riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores

Introducción: Los adultos mayores por naturaleza presentan deterioro progresivo de las capacidades físico-cognitivas, donde se ven afectadas facultades como el equilibrio y la marcha, condicionando el aumento del riesgo de sufrir caídas. Objetivo: Evaluar el equilibrio y la marcha en una muestra de adultos mayores pertenecientes al consultorio del médico de la familia No. 21, del Policlínico Comunitario Docente Julio Antonio Mella, de la provincia Camagüey. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de diseño transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 468 adultos mayores y se seleccionó una muestra intencionada de 100 de ellos, según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La observación y la entrevista fueron las fuentes primarias de la investigación. Las historias de salud familiar e individual fueron la fuente secundaria, además de un formulario con las siguientes variables: grupos etáreos, sexo, nivel educacional, comorbilidades, consumo de medicamentos, antecedentes de caídas, evaluación del equilibrio, evaluación de la marcha y la evaluación del riesgo de caídas, aplicando la escala de Tinetti. Resultados: Existió mayor frecuencia en los adultos mayores de 70-79 años, del sexo femenino y con nivel educacional preuniversitario. Predominó la hipertensión arterial (consumiendo entre uno y tres medicamentos) y con antecedentes de hasta dos caídas anteriores. Se demostraron alteraciones en la evaluación del equilibrio y la marcha, según la escala de Tinetti, el grupo de pacientes presentó un riesgo moderado de sufrir caídas, con una mayor predisposición para el sexo femenino. Conclusiones: El grupo de adultos mayores evaluados presentó alteraciones en la evaluación del equilibrio y la marcha, con un moderado riesgo de sufrir caídas, evitando así las consecuencias que tiene cada precipitación si no se toman las medidas efectivas al respecto.

Introduction: Older adults, by nature, present progressive deterioration of physical-cognitive abilities where faculties such as balance and gait are affected, conditioning the increased risk of falling. Objective: To evaluate balance and walk in a sample of older adults belonging to the family doctor's office No.21, of the Julio Antonio Mella Community Teaching Polyclinic, in the Camagüey province. Methods: A descriptive study of cross-sectional design was carried out. The universe consisted of 468 older adults and an intentional sample of 100 was selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary source of the research being the observation and the interview, the secondary source the family and individual health histories and a form with the following variables: age groups, sex, educational level, comorbidities, medication use, history of falls, evaluation of balance, gait evaluation and evaluation of the risk of falls, applying the Tinetti scale. Results: There was a greater frequency in adults aged 70-79 years, female and with a pre-university educational level. Arterial hypertension predominated, consuming between one and three medications and with a history of up to two previous falls. Alterations in the evaluation of balance and gait were demonstrated, showing according to the Tinetti scale that the sample presents a moderate risk of suffering falls with a greater predisposition in the female sex. Conclusions: The group of elderly adults evaluated present alterations in the evaluation of balance and gait, with a moderate risk of falling, with its consequences if effective measures are not taken in this regard.

Avaliação multidimensional de pessoas idosas na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma revisão de escopo / Multidimensional geriatric assessment in primary care: a scoping review

Resumo Objetivo mapear as publicações referentes à avaliação multidimensional de pessoas idosas no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo desenvolvida utilizando a metodologia Resultados foi incluída uma amostra total de 19 evidências para análise qualitativa, de variados delineamentos, com predominância do tipo transversal e em sua maioria na língua inglesa. Verificaram-se três dimensões que compõem a avaliação; instrumentos desenvolvidos aplicáveis à Atenção Primária; dois tipos de tecnologias da informação utilizadas para instrumentalizar a avaliação e achados relevantes sobre a prática. Conclusão esta revisão encontrou propostas de ferramentas construídas a partir de diversos instrumentos existentes. Devem ser criadas estratégias para atender aos idosos de forma rápida e factível. Foram verificados domínios prevalentes presentes nos instrumentos, constituindo-se como importantes quando se pensa em avaliar amplamente e de forma específica a população idosa.

Abstract Objective to map the publications on multidimensional geriatric assessment in the primary care setting. Method A scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was carried out on the databases Web of Science, Scopus, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciencias da Saude (LILACS). The studies addressed the population of older people aged ≥60 years, the concept of multidimensional assessment and the primary care setting. Results a total sample of 19 publications was included for qualitative analysis. The studies selected were of different designs (predominantly cross-sectional) and most were in English. The evaluation comprised three dimensions; instruments developed applicable to primary care; two types of information technologies used to support the evaluation; and the relevant findings about the practice. Conclusion this review identified tools that were based on several existing instruments. Strategies should be tailored for assessing older individuals in a quick feasible manner. Specific domains were commonly present in the instruments, considered important for providing a comprehensive assessment tailored for the older population.

Fragilidade em pessoas idosas na comunidade: estudo comparativo de instrumentos de triagem / Frailty in community-dwelling older adults: a comparative study of screening instruments

Resumo Objetivo analisar a concordância entre as escalas de fragilidade Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) e Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional (IVCF-20). Métodos estudo transversal durante o qual se aplicou, em domicílio, a Edmonton Frail Scale e o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional para pessoas idosas cadastradas em unidades da Estratégia Saúde da Família de Montes Claros (MG) e selecionadas, aleatoriamente, por sorteio. Para avaliação da correlação e da concordância entre os instrumentos, foram calculados o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e o Kappa ponderado, considerando-se três níveis de classificação da fragilidade, a saber: "robusto", "em fragilização" e "frágil" para o IVCF-20 e "não frágil", "vulnerável" e "frágil" para a EFS. Resultados Foram avaliadas 673 pessoas idosas, predominantemente pardas, com 60 a 74 anos e do sexo feminino. De acordo com o IVCF-20, 153 (22,7%) das pessoas idosas foram classificadas como "frágeis", 195 (29%) "em fragilização" e 325 (48,3%) como pessoas idosas "robustas". Conforme a EFS, 159 pessoas idosas (23,6%) foram classificadas como "frágeis"; 112 (16,6%) pessoas idosas "aparentemente vulneráveis" e 402 (59,7%) "sem fragilidade". O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi 0,865 (p<0,001) e mostrou haver forte correlação positiva entre os instrumentos. A estatística Kappa apresentou valor de 0,532 (p=0,027) e revelou concordância moderada. Conclusão Os instrumentos avaliados apresentaram concordância moderada e forte correlação positiva, apesar das diferenças entre alguns dos seus componentes. Ambos se mostraram compatíveis para a avaliação de fragilidade em pessoas idosas no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Abstract Objective to analyze the agreement between the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) and the Clinical Functional Vulnerability Index (CFVI-20). Methods cross-sectional study, during which the Edmonton Frail Scale and the Clinical Functional Vulnerability Index were applied, at home, to older adults, registered in units of the Family Health Strategy of Montes Claros (MG) and randomly selected by lot. To evaluate the correlation and agreement between the instruments, Pearson's correlation coefficient and the weighted Kappa were calculated, considering three levels of frailty classification, as follows: "robust", "risk of frail" and "frail" for the IVCF-20 and "not frail", "vulnerable" and "frail'" for the EFS. Results We evaluated 673 older adults, predominantly brown, between 60 and 74 years old and female. According to the IVCF-20, 153 (22.7%) of the older adults were classified as "frail", 195 (29%) as "risk of frail" and 325 (48.3%) as "robust". According to the EFS, 159 older adults (23.6%) were classified as "frail"; 112 (16.6%) older adults "apparently vulnerable" and 402 (59.7%) "not frail". Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.865 (p<0.001) and showed a positive correlation between the instruments and Kappa statistics showed a value of 0.532 (p=0.027), revealing moderate agreement. Conclusion The instruments evaluated showed moderate agreement and strong positive correlation, despite the differences between some of their components. Both showed to be compatible for the assessment of frailty in older adults in the context of Primary Health Care.

Health status of elderly residents in Beijing city: a survey and analysis based on the Health Criteria for Older Adults in China(2022) / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate and analyze the health status of elderly people from the physical, psychological and social aspects using the Health Criteria for Older Adults in China(2022), and to understand the impact of social demographic characteristics on the overall health status of the elderly.Methods:159 elderly people aged 60 years and over in the Lanyuan community of Malianwa Subdistrict, Haidian District, Beijing were selected by the stratified sampling method, with a mean age of(70.7±7.9)years, including 74 men and 85 women.The physical, psychological, social and overall health status of the elderly were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed from data collected through a self-designed questionnaire with face-to-face interviews at respondents' homes.Results:The percentage of participants in this community who were considered overall healthy was 30.2%(n=48). The proportions of those meeting the criteria for physical, mental and social health were 79.2%(n=126), 90.6%(n=144)and 32.1%(n=51), respectively.For participants of 3 age groups(60-69, n=89; 70-79, n=44; ≥80, n=26), differences in percentages of people who were considered not healthy, largely healthy and healthy, measured using the overall, physical, mental and social health criteria, were statistically significant( χ2=24.683, 57.096, 12.801, 11.802, all P<0.05), and results of the χ2test for trend showed that the frequency distribution of people with overall, physical, mental and social health decreased with age( χ2=16.878, 31.600, 9.626, 9.626, all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that education level( OR=2.142, 95% CI: 1.053-4.538, P=0.035)was an influencing factor for overall health status of the elderly. Conclusions:The overall health status of community-dwelling elderly people in Beijing is relatively poor and deteriorates with age.Education level is a factor affecting their health status.Health assessment for the elderly should be strongly advocated, and targeted health education should be provided for the elderly in disease prevention and mental health care.

Value of comprehensive geriatric assessment in clinical management of breast cancer in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Comprehensive geriatric assessment(CGA), one of the core approaches of geriatrics, is a strategy and option for the management of common clinical problems in the elderly.It has a guiding role in surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and anti-tumor clinical research for elderly breast cancer patients, and can be used to evaluate treatment tolerance, monitor intervention effects, adjust treatment plans and strategies, and improve patients' quality of life and life satisfaction.This article reviewed the clinical application of CGA in elderly patients with breast cancer.

Expert consensus on comprehensive geriatric assessment clinic / 中华老年医学杂志

Comprehensive geriatric assessment clinic can identify geriatric syndrome as well as geriatric health problems, and provide comprehensive systematic diagnosis and treatment for older patients, which is conducive to reducing the number of outpatient visits and saving medical costs.However, the construction of comprehensive geriatric assessment clinic in China is just in the initial stage.There are no guiding opinions on the orientation, work content, work process, and quality management.Therefore, this consensus was conducted based on the latest evidence and expert opinions which aims to provide guidance for the construction of comprehensive geriatric assessment clinic.

The role of comprehensive geriatric assessment in patients with chronic heart failure and sarcopenia / 中国综合临床

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of comprehensive geriatric assessment(CGA) in elderly patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) complicated with sarcopenia, and to provide a theoretical reference for clinical application.Methods:This study was a prospective randomized controlled study. 110 elderly CHF patients with myopenia admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Hefei from January 2019 to February 2022 were selected. Using the random number table method, 56 cases were divided into an observation group and 54 cases into a control group. Before treatment, the control group of patients underwent a selective single assessment based on the hospital's requirements and the patient's actual situation, including a fall risk assessment, nutritional risk screening checklist assessment, and routine medication to improve cardiac function and prognosis; Before treatment, the patients in the observation group were assessed with CGA, including the assessment of physical function, mental and psychological status, multiple drug management, pain, Sleep disorder, and social environment. According to the assessment results, individual diagnosis and treatment plans were formulated, implemented, and dynamically adjusted. The two groups were treated for 12 weeks. The general information, treatment compliance, B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, left ventricular Ejection fraction (LVEF), 6 min walking distance (6MWD), arm strength of upper limbs and 6 m walking speed, clinical efficacy and prognosis of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. The measurement data is represented by xˉ± s, group t-tests are used for inter group comparison, and paired t-tests are used for intra group comparison before and after treatment; Counting data is represented as an example (%), and inter group comparisons are made using χ 2 test, non parametric rank sum test was used for inter group comparison of hierarchical data. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, course of CHF, smoking, alcohol consumption, number of comorbidities, cardiac function grading, and treatment compliance between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05), indicating comparability. Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in plasma BNP, LVEF, 6MWD, upper limb grip strength, and 6-meter walking speed between the two groups of patients (all P>0.05); After treatment, the BNP of both groups of patients was lower than before treatment and the observation group was lower than the control group. LVEF, 6MWD, upper limb grip strength, and 6-meter walking speed were all higher than before treatment and the observation group was higher than the control group [(343.45±34.95) ng/L vs (387.09±46.96) ng/L, (49.61±7.11)% vs (42.94±5.72)%, (348.92±37.73) m vs (297.74±43.48) m, (22.64±3.82) kg vs (19.48±3.88) kg, (0.97±0.10) m/s vs (0.83±0.12) m/s], The differences were statistically significant ( t-values were 5.51, -5.40, -6.60, -4.31, -6.60, all P<0.001). After 12 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical efficacy between the two groups of patients ( P=0.216), but the overall poor prognosis rate in the follow-up observation group was lower than that in the control group [7.14%(4/56) vs 22.22% (12/54)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=5.03, P=0.025). Conclusions:Developing, implementing, and dynamically adjusting the individualized treatment plan involving CGA can improve the prognosis of elderly CHF patients with sarcopenia, help improve cardiac function, increase grip strength and somatic function, and reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events ,all-cause mortality in elderly patients with CHF combined with sarcopeni and has certain clinical application value.

A study on using comprehensive geriatric assessment to improve the teaching level of doctor-patient communication from the perspective of Johari Window / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the theory of "Johari Window", this study introduced how to stimulate information content obtained in doctor-patient communication and how to apply the comprehensive geriatric assessment creatively from the four modules of open area, blind area, hidden area and unknown area in the model. It helped students to gain the trust and cooperation of patients, rapidly narrow down the blind area, hidden area and unknown area, guide patients to actively extend the open area, improve the teaching quality of doctor-patient communication in a scientific way.

Geriatric syndromes: A therapeutic challenge

Aging is a natural phenomenon that is irrevocable. The older adult population is increasing rapidly in India, projected to increase from 6% to nearly 20% in 2050. Clinical conditions found among the elderly that do not fit into discrete disease categories and result from accumulated impairments in multiple systems are called geriatric syndromes. The authors have done a literature search of research papers from indexed and nonindexed journals e databases, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, Science Direct, Research Gate, and Cochrane. The search terms included were geriatric population, geriatric syndrome, geriatric care, elderly health problem, and comprehensive approach. The management of geriatric syndromes is a challenge to modern geriatric clinical practice. The comprehensive assessment of older adults using standardized tools must be carried out in any healthcare facility to ensure that their needs are met through care and treatment. Evidence-based standards of practice need to be implemented to provide nursing care for dealing with the therapeutic challenges of various geriatric syndromes.

Intrinsic Capacity of Rural Elderly in Thar Desert using World Health Organization Integrated Care for Older Persons Screening Tool: A Pilot Study

Integrated Care for Older Persons (ICOPE) screening tool helps to address declines in physical and mental capacities in older people. In India, majority of the older population resides in rural areas and there is a paucity of studies that demonstrates the utility of the ICOPE screening tool in India. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of using the World Health Organization ICOPE screening tool in a rural population. Comprehensive geriatric assessment of intrinsic capacity revealed cognitive decline in 31.5% (n = 142) participants, diminished mobility 52.1% (n = 235) participants, eye problems in 49.4% (n = 223) participants, and hearing loss in 68.3% (n = 308) participants. Gender difference was statistically significant with mobility limitation (P = 0.005; ?2 = 7.95) and feeling of pain (P = 0.001; ?2 = 15.64), being more in females than males. This tool seems suitable in identifying the intrinsic capacity of the rural elderly.

A simple method for clinical implications of pain; comprehensive geriatric assessment

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The effect of chronic pain on the elderly population is enormous in terms of both human suffering and cost. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with chronic low back pain in older adults by performing a comprehensive geriatric assessment. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 225 elderly patients admitted to a geriatric outpatient clinic. All participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment, and factors related to chronic low back pain were assessed. Participants were grouped as those with and without chronic pain. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 72.9±6.9 years, and 149 (66.2%) of them had chronic pain complaints. The number of chronic diseases and medications, depressive symptom scores, and sleep quality scores were higher, and quality of life (European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions index and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions visual analog scale) and nutritional status scores were lower in the chronic pain group. The pain visual analog scale score had a statistically significant moderate negative correlation with the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions index (r=-0.440, p=0.000) and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions visual analog scale (r=-0.398, p=0.000) scores. The male gender was associated with a reduced risk of chronic pain, while poor sleep quality and number of comorbidities were associated with an increased risk of chronic pain (p=0.000, OR 0.20, p=0.021, OR 2.54, and p=0.010, OR 1.40, respectively). CONCLUSION: Chronic pain is common and independently associated with poor sleep quality, an increased number of diseases, and female gender. The results of our study may guide pain management in older individuals.

Concordancia entre criterios de clasificación nutricional en adultos mayores, Colombia / Accordance between different nutritional classification criteria in older adults, Colombia

Introducción: El envejecimiento es un proceso irreversible que genera aumento permanente de la población de 60 o más años. Esta población vulnerable, vive en condiciones de discapacidad, abandono, falta de atención y presenta enfermedades asociadas con su estado nutricional, esto hace necesario determinarlo de forma adecuada. Objetivo: Analizar la concordancia entre diferentes criterios de clasificación nutricional según el Índice de Masa Corporal, a partir de una encuesta poblacional de envejecimiento, Colombia 2015. Material y métodos: Se utilizaron cuatro criterios y la concordancia entre las categorías del estado nutricional. Se calculó con los índices de Kappa directo y ponderado. Resultados: Las concordancias fueron moderadas y buenas, la menor proporción de bajo peso (3,4%) se obtuvo utilizando el criterio Organización Mundial de la Salud y la más alta (22,6%) con Organización Panamericana de Salud (p<0,05). El bajo peso se incrementa a medida que aumenta la edad, mientras el exceso de peso disminuye. Conclusiones: La clasificación nutricional cambia según el criterio y puntos de corte, el de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral, tuvo la mayor concordancia comparado con el de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y mejor capacidad para detectar deficiencia nutricional en la población adulta mayor.

Introduction: Aging is an irreversible process that generates a permanent increase in the 60 and older population. This vulnerable population lives in conditions of disability, neglect, lack of attention, and they present with illnesses related to their nutritional status, which is why it is necessary to understand it fully. Objective: To analyze the accordance between different criteria of nutritional classification according to the Body Mass Index, using an aging population survey, Colombia 2015. Materials and methods: Four criteria were used as well as accordance between categories of nutritional status. Direct and weighted Kappa indices were calculated. Results: The accordance was moderate and good, the lowest proportion of low weight (3.4%) was obtained using the World Health Organization criteria and the highest (22.6%) with the Pan American Health Organization (p<0.05). Low weight is increased as one ages, while excessive weight decreases. Conclusions: Nutritional classification changes depending on the criteria and cut-off points. The criteria of the Spanish Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition had the highest accordance with the World Health Organization and the best capacity in detecting nutritional deficiency in the older adult population.

Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people with diabetes mellitus – Considerations for geriatricians and diabetes nurse educators

Older people are complex and have a higher absolute risk of diabetes?related complications and thus should be a target group for diabetes and geriatric nursing intervention. Patients with diabetes also have poor knowledge and understanding of the condition and self-management skills. Management of older people with diabetes should be individualized. Comprehensive geriatric assessment takes into account medical, psychosocial, and functional considerations. Many of the presenting complaints of older people are multifactorial. The reliability and objectivity of the history should also be considered. Other aspects of management include dentition, nutritional status, swallowing, medications, physical activity, fall prevention, palliative care, and support services as well as pressure injuries in dependent older people. Finally, with the current COVID-19 pandemic, the approach for service delivery may also need adjustments to take into account infection prevention and control measures, such as the use of virtual consultations.